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Full text of ' NASA TECHNICAL TRANS L ATI O N cs NASA U f-542 m o X I ^ a 1 > o a 0- CD LOAN COPY: RETURN TO AFWL tWLOL-2) KIRTtAND AFB, N MEX AERODYNAMICS AND FLIGHT DYNAMICS OF TURBOJET AIRCRAFT by T. Ligmn Transport Press, Moscow, 1967 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION • WASHINGTON, D. • SEPTEMBER 1969 iiii TECH LIBRARY KAFB, NM DOb'^lDOa iN-fXlOfX X J. X-ua.«j AERODYNAMICS AND FLIGHT DYNAMICS OF TURBOJET AIRCRAFT By T. Ligum Translation of 'Aerodinamika i Dinamika Poleta Turboreaktivnykh Samoletov' Transport Press, Moscow, 1967 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION For sal* by the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information Springfield, Virginia 22151 - CFSTI price $3.00 / Table of Contents Introduction.,•■•• Chapter I. The Physical Basis of High-Speed Aerodynamics §1.

Variations in the Parameters of Air with Altitude. The Standard Atmosphere. Compressibility of Air. The Propagation of Small Disturbences in Air Sound and Sound Waves. The Speed of Sound as a Criterion for the Compressibility of Gases. The Mach Number and its Value in Flight Problems §6.

Flight Speed. Corrections to Instrument Readings Necessitated by Compressibility.

The Character of the Propagation of Minor Perturbations in Flight at Various Altitudes. Trans- or Supersonic Flow of Air Around Bodies. Sonic 'boom'.

Features of the Formation of Compression Shock During Flow Around Various Shapes of Bodies. Critical Mach Number. The Effect of Compressibility on the Motion of Air Flying Around a Wing. The Dependence of the Speed of the Gas Flow on the Shape of the Channel. The Laval Nozzle. Laminar and Turbulent Flow of Ai r §1^. Pressure Distribution at Sub- and Supercritical Mach Numbers Chapter II.

Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Wing and Aircraft. The Effect of Air Compressibility. The Dependence of the Coefficient c on the Angle of Attack §2. The Effect of the Mach Number on the Behavior of the Dependence c = f(a). The Permissible Coefficient c per and its Dependence on the Mach Number...%k.

Dependence of the Coefficient c on the Mach Number for Flight at a Constant Angle of Attack. The Affect of the Mach Number of the Coefficient c §6. Wing Wave Drag. The Aircraft Polar. The Effect of the Landing Gear and Wing Mechanization on the Polar.

The Affect of the Mach Number on the Aircraft Polar. Some Features of Wing Construction.

Means of Increasing the Critical Mach Number vi 1 1 5 7 8 11 lif 15 18 20 22 22 2k 27 27 30 31 32 33 36 38 39 41 k3 k3 §2. Features of Flow Around Swept Wings §3. Wing Construction in Turbojet Passenger Aircraft. Drag Propagation Between Separate Parts of Aircraft Cfiapter IV. Characteristics of tiie Power System.

Two-Circuit and Turbofan Engines. Shpori po ekonomike organizacii bgeu. Basic Characteristics of Turbojet Engines §3.

Throttle Characteristics. High-Speed Characteristics.

High-Altitude Characteristics §6. The Effect of Air Temperature on Turbojet Engine Thru §7. Thrust Horsepower. Positioning the Engines on the Aircraft Chapter V. Stages of Takoff. Forces Acting on the Aircraft During the Takeoff §4. Length of Takeoff Run.

Lift-off Speed. Methods of Takeoff. Failure of Engine During Takeoff. Influence of Various Factors on Takoff Run Length §8.

Methods of Improving Takeoff Characteristics Chapter Vl. Forces Acting on Aircraft. Determination of Most Suitable Climbing Speed §3. Velocity Regime of Climb%k.

Noise Reduction Methods. Climbing with One Motor Not Operating.

Horizontal Flight §1. Diagram of Forces Acting on Aircraft §2. Required Thrust for Horizontal Flight. Two Horizontal Flight Regimes%k. Influence of External Air Temperature on §5.

Most Favorable Horizontal Flight Regimes Altitude and Speed. §6, Definition of Required Quantity of Fuel §7. Flight at the 'Ceilings'. Permissible Flying Altitudes.

Influence of Aire §9. Smart tv samsung apps. 'Engine Failure During Horizontal Flight §10. Minimum Permissible Horizontal Flight Speed. Run nd T Requi red Thrust Influence of raft Weigh Forces Acting on Aircraft Chapter VIM. General Statements. During Descent. Most Favorable Descent Regimes §3.

Provision of Normal Conditions in Cabin During High Altitude Flying. Keoff 53 59 61 61 66 67 69 71 72 73 74 81 81 81 8k 87 88 90 98 100 105 105 107 110 111 115 116 116 117 120 121 123 129 131 133 134 136 138 138 139 140 IV §^.